| Notes |
- His name is also seen as "Gerret Von Sweringen," "Gerhard," and "Gerrit."
"Fear and disappointment mingled in the mind of twenty-one year old Garrett van Swearingen, supercargo of the 'Prins Mauritis," as the ship went aground off Fire Island near the southern coast of Long Island on the night of March 8, 1657, spilling much of the cargo, owing to the ignorance or carelessness of the captain.
"Through the icy water the passengers and crew struggled ashore, where they remained three days without shelter. A friendly Indian took a message to New Amsterdam, and Petrus Stuyvesant, Director for the West India Company came with a small sloop and carried the people to New Amsterdam.
"The 'Prins Maurits' was the largest of three small ships which had set out from Amsterdam on December 21, 1656. The others were the 'de Beer' and the 'Gelderse Blom.' On the 'Prins Maurits' had sailed the officers and soldiers and most of the supplies intended for a colony to be founded by the City of Amsterdam near Fort Casmir on the Delaware River in what is now the state of Delaware. The fort was to be turned over to them by the West India Company. The ships were to touch at New Amsterdam for consultation with officials of the company.
"Fortunately no lives had been lost. A ship named the 'Beaver' was chartered, and salvaged supplies were loaded. The people from the 'Prins Maurits,' together with those from the other two ships, totalled 167, aboard the 'Beaver.'
"On April 25, 1657 the colonists reached Fort Casmir, thereafter called New Amstel (and now Newcastle, Delaware.) They discovered that the West India Company had driven a sharp bargain with Amsterdam. All they found was a dilapidated fort and a few hovels. With neither building materials nor carpenters, they found whatever shelter they could.
"On April 16, when the 'Beaver' had sailed from New Amsterdam, Garrett van Swearingen had asked to be released as supercargo, because he 'intends to make his living here.' For a short time he was commissary in charge of the company's goods. he operated a duck farm, and did some trading, probably with the Indians. About June or July, 1659 he was appointed Sheriff.
"The presumption that Garrett was a younger son is taken from a letter in which he stated that he had received a sum of money from his brother which he had invested in New Amstel. That he was a person of standing and education must be assumed from the responsible positions he filled when only a young man. Thus we conclude that his family was one of good means in Holland. The Swearingens, an old Bavarian family, were feudal tenants under the Lords of Dillingen. Garrett was born in Beemsterdam, Holland on February 4, 1636.
"The political history of the colony, New Amstel, is stormy, with friction between the West India Company and the City of Amsterdam. Swedes vied with Dutch for trade with the Indians. Hostile Indians at times made it necessary for van Swearingen to take an escort when traveling across country.
"In 1659 Maryland demanded that the colony recognize its sovereignty, claiming that New Amstel was within Lord Baltimore's grant.
"Van Swearingen was made Second Councilor of the body of men who met with the English deputies. There ensued several years of disputes between the English and the Dutch. The City of Amsterdam became discouraged and inclined to abandon the colony. In 1660 van Swearingen went to Holland for a year and is credited with persuading the city to send more settlers and supplies to the colony.
"Van Swearingen might have had another reason for his trip. Stuyvesant wrote the directors of his company in Holland that d'Hinojossa as appointed director of the colony had given permission for some persons to return to Holland without Stuyvesant's approval. Garrett van Swearingen was one who left New Amstel. He might have been dispatched by d'Hinojossa even though 'he owed large sums to citizens of New Amsterdam and was concerned in a law suit, had procured bond, and left his bondsman in the lurch.' The company in Holland cleared him of any charges.
"The settlers were ordered to build a fort on Ritten Island to help establish their boundary, and they were encouraged to get along peaceably with their Maryland neighbors.
"There were complaints of disturbances by drunken soldiers of the West India Company who were stationed at Altena, the company's headquarters, but spent a good deal of their time at New Amstel. On the night of June 19, 1662 one of these soldiers was shot by Sherriff van Swearingen with a gun loaded with swan shot; and he died within a few hours. When the case was heard, it was found and judged that the shooting was exonerated.
"Finally, in 1664, the fort and surrounding country were captured by Sir Robert Carr without resistance. Upset by the take-over, van Swearingen publicly broke his sword across his knees. Stripped of all his property, he left New Amstel and moved to Maryland to make a fresh start in life, on a plantation in Talbot County. He had twice visited the Governor of Maryland, Charles Calvert, and had entertained him when he visited New Amstel. It seems fair to assume that Garrett van Swearingen went to Maryland at Calvert's invitation.
"It is thought that an affidavit made by him some years later regarding the Dutch colony he was leaving was used in settling the boundary between the grants of Lord Baltimore and William Penn.
"In 1667, a tract of 50 acres on St Peter's Key Creek, about four miles south-east of St. Mary's Fort and the center of St. Mary's was surveyed for Garrett van Swearingen. His Talbot Country property was sold.
"In April 1669 he was naturalized by act of the Maryland Assembly. Naturalization was necessary, apparently, for the ownership of land by anyone not born in the province of of British or Irish descent.
"On September 11, 1671, a city charter was granted to St. Mary's and officers appointed. Garrett van Swearingen was named one of the first aldermen, and later served as Sheriff of St. Mary's County.
"In his book, 'Jamestown and St Mary's,' Henry Chandlee Forman says, 'The fifty acres of Van Swearingen's Point (1671) formed a little country estate down on St Inigoe's Creek, where he was supposed to have had a domicile... On occasion he turned carpenter and made for the settlement a hitching post and stocks and a chest in which to secure the Provincial records.'
"It is said that Garrett van Swearingen was brought up in the faith of the Dutch Reform Church, but some time prior to his death he became a Roman Catholic, as indicated in his will.
"He was married twice. On March 1, 1659 or 1660, in New Amstel, he married Barbara de Barrette, said to have been a French Huguenot. From the naturalization papers, it appears that she was born in 'Valegehene, in the low Countryes belonging to the King of Spayne,' probably Holland or Belgium, but nothing further regarding her life before her marriage has come to light. Her brother, Isaac petitioned for naturalization along with Garrett and Barbara.
"The Family Register, Second Edition, 1894 states that Barbara was born in Vallenciennes, France in 1636. She died circa 1670, some time after April, 1659 and before October 1676 when Garrett married his second wife, Mary Smith.
"By the first marriage there were three children: Elizabeth, Zacharias, and Thomas, our ancestor. Elizabeth and Zacharias, having been born outside the province, were included in the naturalization, but it is probable that Thomas was born in St. Mary's, Maryland.
"The following account of the van Swearingens' life in St Mary's City is based on Ann Hunter's interview with an archaeologist at St Mary's City.
"Then the van Swearingens moved to St Mary's City they may have sublet Smith's ordinary, one of three or four buildings clustered around the 'Country's House,' Leonard Calvert's former home and now the Province's first State House. In 1670 Barbara died. In December 1672 Garrett purchased the lease to Smith's ordinary. The previous spring he had been granted a lot in St Mary's City's first subdivision, 'Aldermanbury Street' where lived the leading residents of the city.
"In the 1670's, van Swearingen was active as a merchant as well as an innkeeper. In 1677, he contemplated exchanging his profession of proprietor of the ordinary for that of brewer and lodging house operator. He planned to keep a private house for lodgers at court and assembly times. [He] leased his inn along with its 'beds and formes, chaires and tables,' and rented a house from Mark Cordea.
"In the meantime, he married Mary Smith, having made an ante-nuptial agreement signed October 5, 1676. Perhaps she was the daughter of the owner of Smith's ordinary which Garrett sublet.
"He began setting up a brew house; also, he placed an enormous order for provisions, hops, malt, and barley with a merchant in route to England. Then, in rapid succession, came disasters that would have wrecked weaker men's fortunes. Van Swearingen's tenant, to whom he had advanced large sums to set up a business, died. His inn and all its furnishings burned; and the merchant, doubting van Swearingen's ability to pay, sold the provisions and brewing supplies elsewhere. Fortunately, a large building was vacant (the second State House, replaced that year by the new brick State House), and van Swearingen was back in business by the October, 1678 Assembly.
"At the 'Council Chamber,' as the second State House as called, van Swearingen operated a 'private house' that may have been the best inn in St Mary's City. There was a grape arbor, beneath which the Council sometimes met on hot August days; a large Turkey work carpet covered the table; and pictures and the 'Kinges Armes' hung on the walls. The 'Council Chamber' was virtually the private club of the Upper house of the Legislature. The Lower House noticed this with some resentment, and in 1681 refused to pay all of van Swearingen's bill for housing, dining and wining the Legislators. In 1682m though, they recognized that van Swearingen's 'boiled cider' was exceptional, and, when setting the rates for expense account reimbursement, they allowed van Swearingen to charge more for it -- the only exception in the rates in the Capital.
"At a Council held in Mattapony Sewall on May 12, 1684, Garrett van Swearingen made oath to his deposition in relation to the searing of Delaware Bay and River to the southward of the fortieth degree of latitude by the Dutch and Swedes.
"On May 4, 1686 Garrett was appointed High Sheriff of St Mary's County; and in 1697 he and three others were constituted a special court to try a vessel accused of transgressing his Majesty's laws of shipping and navigation.
"'Van Swearingen's' continued to be a fixture until the Capital moved to Annapolis in 1695. Legislators stayed there, and committees met in its relaxing atmosphere. Its walls were sued as a public bulletin board where legal notices were 'Affixed.' In 1696 van Swearingen contemplated relocating to Annapolis, but he changed his mind and finished his days as an innkeeper at St Mary's.
"In those times, Garrett was notable for his longevity; he was 63 when he died on February 4, 1678. Malaria, influenza and other new diseases of the Chesapeake killed most immigrants within 25 years of their arrival. In one decade, 1675-85, van Swearingen helped probate the estates of five of his fellow inkeepers: Charles de la Roche, Elizabeth Moy, John Deery, John Gernish, and Mark Cordea.
"The relationship of Van Swearingen's Aldermanbury Street lot to his other properties is still largely a puzzle, according to Mrs. Hunter. From archaeological evidence, we know that a small house was built there soon after Aldermanbury Street was surveyed in 1672, but van Swearingen may have rented this small building and not lived in it. He does seem to have been living on Aldermanbury Street at his death." -- Bond, Marian Saunders. Some Ancestors. pp. 1-9
"The Sweringens, an old Bavarian family, were feudal tenants under the Lords of Dillingen. The first member of this family of which we have knowledge is Gerrit van Sweringen who was born in Beemsterdam, Holland in 1636. Gerrit ... came to Neu Amstel (New Castle, Delaware) in 1657, married Barbara de Barrette here in 1659, emigrated to Maryland in 1664 and died in St Mary's City, Maryland in 1698.
"Gerrit's first wife, Barbara de Barrette, was born in Valenciennes 'in the low countryes belonging to the King of Spayne' (present-day France). Nothing more is known of Barbara or her family except that Isaac De Barrette, her brother, made petition for naturalization in Maryland in 1669 along with Gerrit and Barbara. It is stated in this petition that he was born in Haarlem (Netherlands)....
"After Barbara's death in 1670, Gerrit married Mary Smith of St Mary's City, Maryland. The Ante-nuptial marriage settlement being executed on October 5, 1676....
"When a young man, Gerrit performed responsible duties in the maritime service of the Dutch West India Company, and in 1656, when the company sold out its interest in the settlement on the South River (Delaware River) to the City of Amsterdam, Gerrit was appointed to the most of supercargo of the vessel which was made ready to take possession of Fort Casmir. The ship called the Prins Mauritius sailed out of the Texel on the twenty-first of December 1656 with supplies and arms fro the colonists. It was to have touched at New Amsterdam (New York City), however, on the night of the eighth of March 1657, it stranded off Fire Island near the southern coast of Long Island. The nest day, in freezing weather, the passengers and crew escaped in a small life-boat and reached the barren shore half frozen. Here they remained for several days until a friendly Indian took a message to Governor Stuyvesant who came with a sloop and carried them to New Amsterdam. Another ship, the Beaver, was chartered and a part of the cargo saved before the ship stoved to pieces was put on board and on the sixteenth day of April, 1657, they took possession of the fort called New Amstel (New Castle, Delaware) and the soldiers of the West India Company quitted the same.
"New Castle was named Fort Casmir by the founding Dutch in 1651; Fort Trinity (Sandhoeck), upon its seizure by Swedes in 1654; Neu Amstel, in 1656, upon Dutch conquest of New Sweden in 1655; and New Castle in 1664 upon English conquest of New Netherlands.
"During the period of the City of Amsterdam's ownership, the director was responsible to the burgomasters of the city in governing Neu Amstel. The following incidents may give some idea of the life in this early settlement and of the power--for good or evil--that rested in the hands of the director.
"'Director Alrichs had for a long time been ailing. On the thirtieth day of December 1659, being aware of the approach of death, he called to his bedside Lieut. Alexander d'Hinoyossa, Gerrit van Sweeringen, the schout, and Commissary Cornelis van Gezel. He appointed d'Hinoyossa his successor as director and the other two as councillors, to hold office until the Commissioners in Holland should name their successors.
"'Aldrichs took the hands of these men in his and adjured them to perform their duties faithfully and to act together in good faith toward each other. D'Hinoyossa was deeply moved. He spoke affectionately to the dying man, praised him for his service to the colony, hoped that God might yet spare his life and promised that he would ever be foremost in the defense of the honor and reputation of Jacob Alrichs. And so the director died.
"'Twenty-four hours later, in the same room where still lay the dead body of their friend, d'Hinoyossa and van Sweeringen were at work rummaging through his papers and books, looking for evidence which they might use to defame him and cast reproach upon his name.
"'D'Hinoyossa called the schepens together, read to them Aldrich's instructions from the Commissioners and his letters to them, charged him with disobedience to his superiors and general malfeasance, declared him guilty of misconduct meriting the forfeiture of property and life, announced his intention of seizing all the dead man's property for the City's use, and asked the schepens to sign an approval of his proposed action. But many of the acts complained of had been authorized by the schepens. Condemning themselves did not appeal to them. They refused to do it. A third and fourth time he summoned them. At last they refused to appear saying they would rather be discharged from office then [sic.] to declare an honest man a villain. He arrested one of them and took him to the fort to wring from him evidence of Aldrich's misdoing. Unsuccessful, he discharged the three schepens and appointed others.
"'Disappointed in this direction, he turned on Commissary van Gezel, who was Aldrich's nephew and heir. He accused him of having prevailed on the schepens to refuse compliance with his requests. Charging him with mutiny on this account, he seized his property, as well as all the books and papers of Aldrichs, and put a bailiff in his house. He threatened to deport him to Holland, and so harried and hounded poor van Gezel that he had to fly to Altena and pray to Beekman to "protect him from d'Hinoyossa's violence." Whereupon d'Hinoyossa denounced him as a bankrupt and a fugitive from justice.
"'Beekman could do nothing with d'Hinoyossa, and Stuyvesant rather less. Every time the Director-General tried to drive him, he backed. The division of authority over Neu Amstel between City and Company created an intermediate twilight zone, where neither had exclusive authority, and d'Hinoyossa disported himself in this middle ground, disdaining all other claims of authority there. Nothing could be done with him by direct appeal or command. Stuyvesant could only address his complaints to the College of XIX and ask them to ask the City's Commissioners to make their Director mend his ways, a tedious process of circumlocution as ineffective as it was slow.'
"As a descendant of Gerrit van Sweringen, I would prefer to think that whatever par he played in this episode was due to his youthful age, ignorance, and fear rather than the wish to maintain his position and greed. However, another incident happened that does cast aspersions on his character.
"'Two or three soldiers from Altena, after spending the evening in Foppe Jansen Outhout's tavern in Neu Amstel, walked up the street singing. Another soldier, earlier that day, had some words with Gerrit van Sweringen, the schout (sheriff), and had threatened him with a sword. As these others passed van Sweringen's house, he opened the upper half of the door and called out to them "What do you run on the street here for to lord it?" ... They answered thereupon, "Surely we may travel on this street. We do no harm to anybody nor do we lord it,: The sheriff replied, "You do play the masters and have just placed a sword against my breast." They denied they had done so. There were further words. The schout fired his gun at them "over the lower door." Thereupon, one of them, Harmen Henrikson of Deventer, cried "Comrade, hold me up well and bring me home. I am wounded." And so he was, with a load of swanshot in his abdomen, whereof he died. Van Sweeringen's defense was that he had shot the wrong man. It was his mistake, and he was sorry for it. D'Hinoyossa protected him in every way. He temporarily removed him from his offices as schout (August 1662), but continued him as councillor. (Most historians mention that he was removed from office but don't explain why.) Stuyvesant urged him to bring van Sweeringen to trial, but he delayed and delayed, postponing it on every possible excuse. The murderer was never tried and was shortly restored to his former office of sheriff.'
"Since I cannot walk in his shoes nor even imagine the life and customs of those days I cannot judge Gerrit. I am pleased that he did admit to his mistake and was apparently remorseful.
"In a letter dated the 8th of December 1659 to a friend in Holland, Gerrit mentions that he had requested to be discharged as a commissary, had been appointed sheriff, and had recently been made a Second Councillor. He also stated that he had received some goods from his brother which he had used for a house, horses and mules, and that he was also married. Thus we know that he was probably married to Barbara de Barrette in 1659 and that he had a brother of some means.
"In 1660 he went to Holland, taking his wife with him, where he remained a year in behalf of the colony. There is a list of passengers going to the Colony of Neu Amstel, on the South River, for the City of Amsterdam which contains the following: Sr Gerrit van Schweringe, Schout, with his wife, maid and man-servant. The list was signed by G.V. Sweringen and noted that it was done in the Texel Roadstead, on the Ship 'The Purmerland Church' the 17th of November, 1661. The ship did not actually sail until November 24th, 1661.) They arrived in Neu Amstel on February 3, 1662.
"A daughter Elizabeth was born to Gerrit and Barbara sometime in 1662. The following year Zachariah was born. Life didn't remain clam for long as in October, 1664, Sir Robert Carr seized the Delaware Territory for the Duke of York. Of this event Gerrit wrote: 'The fort and the country was brought under submission by Sir Robert Carr, as deputed with two shipps to that intent. Sir Robert Carr did protest often to me that he did not come as an enemy, but as a friend, demanding onely in friendship what was ye King's right in that country. There was taken from the city and inhabitants thereabouts 100 sheep, 30 or 40 horses, 50 or 60 cows and oxen, the number of 60 or 70 negroes...and the estate of the Governor and myself, except some house stuffe and a negro I gott away and some other movables Sir Robert Carr did permit me to sell.'
"There is some confusion in my mind about Gerrit's whereabouts between October, 1664, and 1666 when it is said he migrated to Maryland with his family and brother-in-law, Isaac de Barrette. Did he go to St Mary's City from Neu Amstel and then to Talbot County? Was Thomas, their second son, born in St. Mary's City in 1665? Since Van Sweringen had met Governor Charles Calvert in 1663 when he had helped Calvert negotiate a treaty with the Indians at Neu Amstel, it seem[s] likely that he would have gone to St Mary's to seek the aid of someone he knew.
"Gerrit settled first in Talbot County, on a 200 acre plantation, but almost immediately must have contemplated moving to St. Mary's City. (Could this have anything to do with the fact that d'Hinoyossa migrated to Talbot County?) In 1667 they purchased to acres within the town lands on St. Inigoes Creek, and they sold their Talbot County plantation early the next year. in November, 1668, van Sweringen was named to the City's first board of Aldermen.
"When the van Sweringens moved to St. Mary's City, they probably sublet Smith's ordinary, one of the three or four buildings clustered around the 'Country's House,' Leonard Calvert's former home and now the Province's first State House. In 1670 Barbara died--that's all we know. In December, 1672, van Sweringen purchased the lease to Smith's ordinary. The previous spring he had been granted a lot in St. Mary's City"s first subdivision, 'Aldermanbury Street.'
"In the 1670's, van Swearingen was busy -- active as a merchant as well as an innkeeper, -- perhaps too busy. In 1677, he contemplated exchanging his profession of ordinary keeper for that of brewer and lodging house proprietor. he planned to keep a private house for lodgers at court and assembly times. He leased his inn along with its 'beds and formes, chaires and tables,' and rented a house from Mark Cordea.
"In the meantime, he had married Mary Smith, as we find an ante-nuptial agreement signed 5 Oct. 1676 in St Mary's City. Could this Mary Smith be the daughter of the owner of Smith's ordinary that Gerrit sublet? At any rate, he began setting up a brew house. At the same time he placed an enormous order for provisions, hops, malt, and barley with a merchant en route to England. Then in rapid succession, van Sweringen suffered disasters that would have wrecked weaker men's fortunes. Van Sweringen's tenant (to whom he had advanced large sums to set up in business) died. His inn and all its furnishings burned, and the merchant, doubting van Sweringen's ability to pay, sold the provisions and brewing supplies elsewhere.
"Fortunately a large building was vacant (the second State House, replaced that year by the new brick State House), and van Sweringen was back in operation by the October 1678 assembly.
"At the 'Council Chamber,' as the Second State House was called, van Sweringen operated a 'private house' that may have been the nicest inn in St Mary's City. There was a grape arbor, beneath which the Council sometimes met on hot August days; a large Turkey work carpet covered the table; and pictures and the 'Kings Armes' hung on the walls. The 'Council Chamber' was virtually the private club of the Upper House of the Legislature. The Lower House noticed this with some resentment, and in 1681 refused to pay all of van Sweringen's bill for housing, dining, and winning the Legislators. In 1682, though, they recognized that van Sweringen's 'boiled cider' was exceptional, and, when setting the rates for expense account reimbursement, they allowed van Sweringen to charge more for it -- the only exception in the rates.
"As a Council held at Mattapony Sewall on the 12th of May, 1684, Gerrit van Sweringen made oath to his deposition in relation to the seating of Delaware Bay and river to the southward of the fortieth degree of latitude by the Dutch and Swedes.
"On May 4, 1686, Gerrit was appointed High Sheriff of St Mary's County and in 1687 he and three others were constituted a special court to try a vessel accused of transgressing his Majesty's laws of shipping and navigation.
"'Van Sweringens'' continued to be a fixture until the Capital moved to Annapolis in 1695. Legislators stayed there, and committees met in its relaxing atmosphere. Its walls were used as a public bulletin board where legal notices were 'Affixed.' In 1696, van Sweringen contemplated relocating to Annapolis, but he changed his mind and finished his days as an innholder at St Mary's.
"Part of van Sweringen's prominence as an innkeeper was that he was a 'long liver,' age 63 when he died in 1698. Malaria, influenza, and the other new diseases of the Chesapeake killed most immigrants within twenty-five years of their arrival. In one decade, 1675-1685, van Sweringen helped probate the estates of five of his fellow innkeepers: Charles de la Roche, Elizabeth Moy, Hohn Deery, John Gernish, and Mark Cordea.
"The relationship of van Sweringen's Aldermanbury Street lot to his other properties is still largely a puzzle. From archaeological evidence, we know that a small house was built there soon after Aldermanbury Street was surveyed in 1672, but van Sweringen may have rented this small building 9only 20 x 18 feet) and not lived in it. At least until 1685, van Sweringen also had possession of not only the second State House, but also the house he had rented (since 1677) from Mark Cordea. In 1685, Cordea willed this building to van Sweringen's daughter Elizabeth, so that the van Sweringens could have lived there until Elizabeth's marriage to John Evans (date unknown). Gerrit does seem to have been living on Aldermanbury Street at his death in 1698.
"The only document to refer to the Aldermanbury Street lot, other than the initial survey, is van Sweringen's will, written the 25th day of October 1698. In it he left to his sons Joseph and Charles all his lands including 'ye Councill Roomes and Coffee House and land thereto belonging.' The dwelling was almost certainly on the Aldermanbury Street lot, as his other known properties had only been leased. However the dwelling house does not seem to be included in van Sweringen's inventory taken in 1700-01 when his widow was residing in 'the Councill House.' By that time Joseph van Sweringen may have set up a separate household in the other dwelling (his brother Charles died young.)
"Much less is known about the children of Gerrit and Barbara van Sweringen than of Gerrit himself." -- McConnell, Willa. The Van Sweringen Family, pp. 1-5.
Lola Thoroughman Van Sweringen has compiled a book: Gerret Von Sweringen in the U.S.A.; a compilation of his progeny in the year 1977, which covers much of the material in the two sources quoted extensively. Ms Van Sweringen has done extensive research on the origin of the family name but does not connect this with Gerret. She quotes many original sources extensively, but does not mention Gerret's rather shady dealings with d'Hinyossa in Neu Amstel! She does provide maps and pictures as well as the full text of Gerrit's will.
She notes that after the burning of Smith's Town House (Smith's Ordinary?) in which Gerret lost about 200 pounds sterling, he petitioned the Council for another lease of the land. The council renewed, stipulating that Gerret plant 40 apple or pear trees on the land. Gerrit planted pear trees and rebuilt the Town House of brick, measuring 67.5 feet by 40 feet which was an exceptionally large building for the time. -- p. 21.
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Taylor Family Genealogy
1636 - 1698 (62 years)
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